A striking example of this phenomenon was the anti-religious policy in the USSR.
A striking example of this phenomenon was the anti-religious policy in the USSR.
The change in social relations that began in the early 1990s in the former Soviet republics required a change in the relationship between the state and religion. There was an interconnected process of desecularization of politics and politicization of religion. The authorities drew attention to the unifying role of the church as a bearer of universal values, and the church began to consider politics as a means of achieving specific religious goals [9, p. eighteen]. The situation worsened with the collapse of the old political system. People who were not brought up in a religious tradition have no idea of the paradigm in which they now have to exist. Nevertheless, the search for faith and new ways of organizing life in society is [13, p. 404].
Thus, throughout the historical development of mankind, complex religious processes have taken place in society, closely connected with society. They determined the place and role of religion in human life. Religious processes have always in one way or another determined the directions and ways of civilization. Religion has been the engine of many social processes. At the present stage, it occupies a worthy place in society. The process of forming a new society, which is taking place in Ukraine at the turn of the millennium, requires a deep and thorough analysis of religious life, which today is closely linked to politics, without which religion is on the sidelines of public life.
literature
Davis B. Introduction to the philosophy of religion. – Kyiv: Osnovy, 1996. Kolodny A., Lobovyk B. Religious Dictionary. – Kyiv: The Fourth Wave, 1996. Nagaevsky I. Christian Science. – Rome, 1991. Ortinsky I. Science and mystery. – Lviv: Stream, 1998. Ragner K., Forgrishler G. Short theological dictionary / Per. with him. O. Avramenko. – Lviv, 1996. Toynbee AJ Research of history. – Volume II. / Per from English. V. Mitrofanova, P. Tarashchula – K.: Fundamentals, 1995. – 40 pp. Tivolie P. Primitive problems. – Lviv; Missionary, 1997. Filbert B. Worlds before God. / Per. S. Zveryeva. – Lviv; Academic Express, 1996. Rybachuk M. On the question of the legal basis for the harmonization of inter-church relations in Ukraine. // National integration in a multicultural society: Management and experience, 1999 – 2000. K., 2002, p. 265-284. Bakhmin V. Religion and society. / Textbook of Sociology and Religion. – Moscow; Aspect Press, 1996. Simmel R. The religious aspect in human relations. / Textbook of Sociology and Religion. – Moscow; Aspect of the press, 1996. Lyubak A. Drama of atheistic humanism. – Milan, Moscow: Christian Russia, 1997. Pankov A., Podshivalkina V. Society in search of faith and new ways of organization in a crisis. Church and social problems. Ecology, economics and Christian morality: Ukrainian reality and prospects. – Lviv: Missionary, 2000. Radugin A. Introduction to religious studies. / Course of lectures. / Moscow: Center, 1999.
03/13/2011
The essence of a single Ukrainian national identity. Abstract
In the foreign policy dimension, the prospect of national identity as an essential feature of Ukrainian society and state implies distancing Ukraine from sources of political, economic, cultural, informational, etc. threats to fundamental national interests and gaining such positions in geospace, where there are conditions for maximum realization of national interests
In Ukraine, there is a significant difference in the system of identities of citizens from different regions. The regional section makes it possible to identify the most obvious differences in the whole array of ethnic, linguistic, religious, religious, geopolitical, political and ideological orientations and the priorities of certain types of identity of citizens. This provides grounds for identifying the impact of regional features on the prospects of nation-building and common identity in the country.
Territory and state, its political and legal system, socio-economic relations, ethnic and cultural specifics are components that lay the foundation for nation-building. Society, preserving ethnic, cultural, regional specificity, acquires the characteristics of the nation in the process of self-awareness of a single community and the establishment of a single identity, the definition of national interests and so on. Regional heterogeneity creates the uniqueness of the state, but, at the same time, can be a factor in interesting narrative topics slowing down the process of consolidation of society.
In view of this, domestic researchers A. Kolodiy, O. Malanchuk, O. Maiboroda, S. Makeev, O. Utkin, N. Chernysh and others address the issue of regional specifics of Ukraine. At the same time, the prevention of any threats to the existence and integrity of the state is not in the pursuit of homogeneity, but in achieving unity and effective interaction between citizens and communities.
For some Ukrainian citizens, the regional factor in terms of influencing the specifics of identity is one of the key. Along with ethnic and national identities, regional affiliation can act as a stable and even the main component of identity. Sociological data demonstrate the important role of the type of regional identity in the system of social identities of Ukrainian citizens.
Thus, in 2004 the total share of citizens with local identification (at the level of region or district, city, village) – 37.2%, comparable to the share of those for whom the main self-identification “citizen of Ukraine” – 44.2% , the share of those who consider themselves a citizen of the former USSR – 10.7%, a representative of their ethnic group, nation – 3.1%, a citizen of Europe – 0.7%, a citizen of the world – 2.4%, the rest – 1.4%, did not answer 0.2% [1]. It should be borne in mind that, according to these data, it is primarily a matter of priority and the appropriate choice between identities of different levels: local, national, supranational.
In modern Ukraine, the most noticeable identification contradictions are inherent in the border regions (Galicia, Transcarpathia, Bukovina, Crimea, Donbass). The results of the study of identification features in the most geographically remote cities of the eastern and western regions (Donetsk and Lviv) give grounds for a number of conclusions about the difference between the specifics of the identity system for representatives of both regions and cities [ 2].
Thus, for the representatives of Donetsk the priority was socio-professional, age, political-ideological and geopolitical (primarily with a focus on Soviet, Russian) factors of identity, while for the representatives of Lviv – ethnic, religious, national factors of identity … At the same time, differences in the specifics of identity manifestations between the younger generation of both regions are leveled: the indicators of self-identification “citizen of Ukraine” for the younger generation in Lviv and Donetsk are over 90%, which, in particular , indicates “convergence of identification models” of the younger generation [3].
The specifics of language, ethnic, religious orientation are changing in the regional dimension. The research results show significant differences between different regions in assessments of both the historical past (images of politicians of different eras, a number of important historical events) and prospects (desirable socio-economic system, the status of the Russian language, vectors of foreign policy development) of modern Ukraine [4]. …
The whole set of differences in the methods of identification and orientation of citizens was most pronounced between the border regions in eastern, western, southern Ukraine and between individual regions within each region, which differ in ethnic, linguistic, religious structure. Thus, it should be taken into account that in Ukraine ethnocultural areas differ from the Ukrainian ethnic and cultural environment, form communities of compact and dispersed settlement (Russians, Crimean Tatars, Hungarians, Romanians, Poles, etc.), whose number is significant in a number of regions (Table 1). ).
Table 1. Distribution of answers of respondents representing citizens of Ukraine (in%) *
|
Ukrainians by nationality (officially) |
They identify themselves with Ukrainians |
Identify themselves with the Soviet people |
They speak mostly Ukrainian at home |
They advocate the expanded use of the Ukrainian language as the state language |
They belong to the Christian denominations of Ukrainian subordination |
West |
92.78 |
91.70 |
2.17 |
93.86 |
51.23 |
63.57 |
Northern |
90.67 |
88.06 |
6.72 |
75.75 |
57.84 |
51.98 |
Northwestern |
95.88 |
86.60 |
5.15 |
90.03 |
90.26 |
89.57 |
Central |
89.44 |
80.00 |
6.62 |
78.33 |
65.56 |
50.25 |
Southwestern |
82.53 |
77.32 |
4.83 |
79.93 |
26.06 |
25.99 |
Kiev |
80.93 |
77.12 |
9.72 |
30.08 |
70.34 |
50.33 |
Northeastern |
79.51 |
66.39 |
11.07 |
47.54 |
86.94 |
55.89 |
Southeastern |
78.26 |
63.77 |
19.39 |
36.23 |
51.80 |
47.45 |
Southern |
76.45 |
61.22 |
13.04 |
38.78 |
83.27 |
67.30 |
East |
46.74 |
32.81 |
25.16 |
4.94 |
12.10 |
20.00 |
Crimea |
18.82 |
6.28 |
28.25 |
0.90 |
35.15 |
36.30 |
Ukraine in general |
75.38 |
65.82 |
12.52 |
51.48 |
56.50 |
53.25 |
* Survey data conducted in July 2000 by the Center for Social and Marketing Research “SOCIS” commissioned by the State Property Fund of Ukraine. See: Kolodiy A. Soviet identity and its bearers in independent Ukraine // www. politics. lviv. ua / nations / soviet3. html
** Grouping of regions into regions is as follows: western (Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil), south-western (Zakarpattia, Chernivtsi), north-western (Rivne, Volyn, Khmelnytsky), northern (Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Chernihiv) , central (Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Poltava, Kirovohrad), north-eastern (Sumy, Kharkiv), eastern (Luhansk, Donetsk), south-eastern (Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhia), southern (Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kherson) and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.